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What is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder?

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity that impairs daily functioning. People with ADHD struggle to focus, are often restless and act impulsively without thinking. Symptoms typically arise in childhood, but ADHD can continue into adulthood. About 4-5% of adults live with ADHD.

There are three main types of ADHD:

Inattentive-ADHD

Inattentive

Difficulty paying attention, disorganized, forgetful
Hyperactive-Impulsive-ADHD

Hyperactive/Impulsive

Fidgety, restless, trouble sitting still
Combined-ADHD

Combined

Exhibits both inattentive and hyperactive symptoms
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Impulsivity

Interrupting others’ speech, excessive talking, acting without thinking, etc.

ADHD is thought to arise from chemical imbalances or deficiencies in brain messengers like dopamine and norepinephrine, which regulate attention and behaviour. Genetics also play a strong role. Structural differences in the brains of those with ADHD have been identified.

Treatments

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ADHD treatment involves medication, psychotherapy, education, skills training and lifestyle adjustments. Stimulants like Adderall and Ritalin are commonly prescribed to boost focus and self-control. Non-stimulants like atomoxetine help regulate attention and behaviour.

Cognitive behavioural therapy helps develop coping skills and new habits. Counselling provides support and guidance on managing ADHD. Education teaches self-understanding and how to succeed with ADHD. Daily routines, planners and timers help organize and reinforce focus.

Managing ADHD

Though ADHD can be challenging, the right strategies make all the difference:

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Use reminders and cues to stay on track

Break tasks into smaller steps

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Schedule properly to allow extra time

Remove distractions and organize workspaces

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Utilize tools like planners, timers, calendars

Adopt routines and habits

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Get exercise and rest to balance your energy

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Tap into creative bursts and hyperfocus

Medication and therapy provide clinical support, while lifestyle adaptations maximize strengths. With the right treatment plan, those with ADHD can thrive by playing to their abilities.

ADHD involves unique struggles with concentration, impulse control and activity levels. But it also brings enhanced creativity, intuition, passion and energy. With proper management, people can gain the focus to succeed while still embracing what makes them extraordinary.