Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a mental health condition marked by an intense obsession with perceived flaws in physical appearance that are either minor or not observable to others. Those with BDD have relentless negative thoughts about their appearance, typically focused on the face, hair, skin, or body weight. In quite a lot of cases, BDD does not require any material defect in one’s own body. It is how one perceives one’s body that is at stake.
What causes body dysmorphic disorder?
There are several contributing factors believed to play a role:
Genetics
Brain Biology
Psychological Factors
Low self-esteem, perfectionism, trauma history, and body image
Environmental
Teasing or criticism about appearance, families who fixate
Common symptoms of BDD
People with BDD exhibit obsessive thoughts, distress, and behaviours like
Frequently comparing their appearance to others
Examining perceived flaws for hours in mirrors or avoiding mirrors altogether
Seeking repeated reassurance about the flaw from others
Attempting to check or hide flaws with clothing, makeup, tanning, hairstyles
Avoiding activities/public outings due to appearance concerns
Treatments and coping strategies for BDD
BDD requires professional treatment through:
Cognitive behavioural therapy to address distorted thoughts and behavioural habits
Exposure and response prevention to face fears around appearance
Medications such as SSRIs to reduce obsessive thoughts and depression
Support groups to reduce isolation and validate experiences
Mindfulness and radical acceptance to reduce focus on perceived flaws
Developing identities and pursuits beyond appearance
With compassionate care and motivating coping tactics, individuals with BDD can overcome negative appearance beliefs and reclaim a meaningful life.