What is Autism Spectrum Disorder?
ASD arises from variations in early brain development affecting behaviour, cognition and functioning. Genetics, environmental factors and differences in brain structure and chemistry contribute to ASD. Symptoms range from mild to severe and can change over time.
High-Functioning Autism and Asperger’s
Individuals with high-functioning autism or Asperger’s syndrome have average or high intelligence and can lead independent lives
Degrees of ASD
Level 1 – Requires some support for deficits in social communication and inappropriate behaviour.
Level 2 – Requires substantial support for marked deficits in verbal and nonverbal skills, social issues, and restricted/repetitive behaviours.
Level 3 – Requires very substantial support due to severe deficits in skills, limited speech, and extreme challenge coping with change.
Treatments
While there is no medical cure for ASD, early intervention can improve outcomes. Applied behaviour analysis uses rewards to teach communication, social and cognitive skills. Speech therapy, physical therapy and occupational therapy also help. Medications may treat associated symptoms like anxiety, ADHD or depression. Alternative options like dietary changes, supplements or neurofeedback are controversial but may also help manage ASD.
How it impairs overall quality of life
Core ASD impairments make it difficult to communicate, form relationships, regulate emotions, maintain focus, handle uncertainty, and adapt to new situations. People with ASD are prone to anxiety, depression and self-injurious behaviours. They may also have sensory issues, physical disabilities, sleep disturbances and eating disorders. All of this affects the overall quality of life.
However, with appropriate support and accommodations, those with ASD can thrive. Early intervention services improve language, cognitive, and motor skills. Assistive technologies aid communication and independence. Accommodations at school and work maximize strengths while minimizing areas of challenge. With compassion and understanding, we can foster the talents of all people despite neurological differences.